PERMALITE® Direct Dye

These dyes offer good value and economy and provide standard light fastness and wet fastness on both cotton and rayon substrates.

PERMALITE® direct dyes are suitable for resin finishes and after treatments which can further enhance their wet fastness properties.

	Solubility (g/l @ 212°F)	SDC Class	Suitability High-Temp Dyeing	Xenon Light Fastness (Untreated)	Wash Fastness 2A (Untreated)	Wash Fastness 2A (Treated)	Perspiration Fastness (Acid)	Crock Fastness (Untreated Cotton)	Dead Cotton Coverage
PERMALITE® Flavine 7GFF 1.0%	50	A	Good	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 3-4	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5	Wet 4 Dry 5	Good
PERMALITE® Yellow PG 1.0%	50	B	Fair	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 5	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 4	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 3	Wet 3-4 Dry 4-5	Good
PERMALITE® Yellow EFC 1.0%	25	B	Good	Cotton 6-7 Rayon 5-6	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 3	Cotton 4 Rayon 3	Cotton 5-5	Wet 3 Dry 5	Good
PERMALITE® Yellow RL 1.0%	80	B	Very Good	Cotton 5 Rayon 6	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 5	Wet 4 Dry 5	Good
PERMALITE® Orange SE 100% 1.0%	10	C	Poor	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 4	Cotton 2 Rayon 2-3	Cotton 3 Rayon 3-4	Cotton 4	Wet 3 Dry 4-5	Moderate
PERMALITE® Brown RL 1.0%	50	B	Poor	Cotton 4 Rayon 4	Cotton 3 Rayon 3	Cotton 3 Rayon 3	Cotton 4	Wet 3 Dry 4-5	Low
PERMALITE® Red 8BLN 1.0%	30	B	Poor	Cotton 4 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 3-4	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 3-4	Cotton 3-4	Wet 4 Dry 5	Moderate- Low
PERMALITE® Red BWS 1.0%	100	B	Good	Cotton 5 Rayon 7	Cotton 4 Rayon 4	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 5	Wet 3 Dry 4-5	Moderate
PERMALITE® Pink B 100% 1.0%	30	A	Good	Cotton 3 Rayon 3-4	Cotton 2 Rayon 3	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 3	Cotton 4	Wet 3-4 Dry 5	Low
PERMALITE® Fast Violet B 200% 1.0%	10	A	Good	Cotton 2-3 Rayon 3	Cotton 1 Rayon 2-3	Cotton 3 Rayon 3	Cotton 4	Wet 2-3 Dry 5	Low
PERMALITE® Blue 2RL 100% 1.0%	20	B	Good	Cotton 6-7 Rayon 7	Cotton 3 Rayon 3-4	Cotton 4 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5	Wet 3 Dry 5	Low
PERMALITE® Blue 4BL 200% 1.0%	50	B	Good	Cotton 7 Rayon 7-8	Cotton 3 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5 R	Wet 2-3 Dry 4-5	Moderate
PERMALITE® Turquoise 8GL 100% 1.0%	53	B	Good	Cotton 5-6 Rayon 6	Cotton 1 Rayon 2	Cotton 4 B Rayon 4-5	Cotton 3 G	Wet 2 Dry 5	Moderate
PERMALITE® Br Green CBM-NB 1.0%	40	A	Poor	Cotton 4 Rayon 4	Cotton 2 Rayon 2-3	Cotton 2 Rayon 2	Cotton 4-5	Wet 3-4 Dry 5	Low
PERMALITE® Black OBC 200% 4.0%	30	B	Fair	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 3	Cotton 3-4 Rayon 4	Cotton 4 Rayon 3	Cotton 2	Wet 4 Dry 5	Good
PERMALITE® Black FG 250% 4.0%	15	B	Good	Cotton 5-6 Rayon 6-7	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5 Rayon 4-5	Cotton 4-5 G	Wet 5 Dry 4-5	Good

Colors May Vary Across Screens The shades illustrated on this website are intended to convey the general color characteristics of each dye and are not intended to be an accurate representation of how the finished dyeings will actually appear. Due to differences in computer monitors, screen resolutions and graphics cards, the colors displayed here may vary.

Procedure: Atmospheric Dyeing System

Prepare, rinse, and neutralize goods as required.

Set dye bath at 100ºF (38ºC), add:
1. 0.5% wetting agent
2. 0.5% Sequestering Agent (if needed)
  1. pH must be adjusted to 8.5-9.5 with soda ash when using Direct Black 22
  2. pH can range from 6.0-7.0 with other color combinations
Circulate 10-minutes.
Add pre-dissolved PERMALITE™ Direct Dye (dissolve at 212ºF).
Run 15-minutes.
Add 1-40g/l of salt (based on depth of shade).
1. Add 1/10 of total salt, circulate 10-minutes.
2. Add 3/10 of total salt, circulate 10-minutes.
3. Add 6/10 of total salt, circulate 30-minutes.
Cool to 160ºF. Sample.
If shade is acceptable, drain machine.
Refill with cold water at 90ºF.
Circulate 10-minutes, drain.
Repeat Steps 7-8 for darker shades.
Refill with cold water at 90ºF.
1. Add 5.0g/l salt.
Circulate 10-minutes, drain.
Refill with cold water at 90ºF.
Circulate 10-minutes and unload.

Salt Recommendations

100% Cotton Dyed at 212ºF

% Salt Based on Liquor Ratio

Dye (%)	10:1	15:1	20:1	40:1
Up to 0.50	5.0	7.5	10.0	15.0
0.51-1.00	10.0	15.0	20.0	30.0
1.01-1.50	15.0	22.5	30.0	45.0
1.51-2.00	20.0	30.0	40.0	60.0
2.01-3.00	30.0	40.0	40.0	60.0
3.01-above	40.0	40.0	40.0	60.0

Hosiery Salt Chart

% Salt Based on Liquor Ratio

Dye (%)	20:1	40:1
Up to 0.50	10.0	15.0
0.51-1.00	20.0	30.0
1.01-1.50	30.0	45.0
1.51-2.00	40.0	60.0
2.01-above	60.0	80.0

Procedures:

Dyeing at 140º

Pre-scour with 1& STANSCOUR® BRC at 160º for 20-minutes.

Drop & rinse.
Set bath at 90ºF with:
1. Xg/l salt (per chart below)
Add PERMARBIL® Reactive Dye (pre-dissolve in 160º-180ºF water).
Run 10-minutes.
Add 1/10 total amount of Soda Ash over 10-minutes.
1. Run 10-minutes.
Add remaining 9/10 Soda Ash over 10-minutes (pH 10.8-11.2).
1. Run 10-minutes.
Heat to 140ºF at 2ºF/minute.
1. Run for 45-minutes.
Sample.
1. If shade is acceptable, drop bath.
2. When sampling shade, swatch should be: rinsed cold, rinsed warm, and neutralized with 0.25% Acetic Acid. Then, scoured at 200ºF – see steps 12-18.
Rinse at 120ºF for 10-minutes.
1. Drop bath.
Rinse at 140º for 10-minutes.
1. Drop bath.
Neutralize at 120ºF with 0.25% Acetic Acid (pH 7-8).
1. Run 10-minutes.
2. Drop bath.
Set fresh bath to 120ºF.
Heat to 200ºF.
1. Hold 10-minutes.
2. Drop bath.
Set bath to 120ºF.
1. Hold 10-minutes.
2. Drop bath.
Finish as usual.

Salt and Soda Ash Recommendations for Cotton/Rayon

% Reactive Dye	g/l Sodium Chloride or Sodium Sulfate	g/l Soda Ash
0-0.25	30	5
0.26-0.50	50	5
0.51-1.00	60	10
1.01-2.00	60	10
2.01-3.00	80	10
3.01-5.00	80	10
Above 5.00* *When dyeing above 5.00% the yield should increase with use of 100g/l salt	80-100	10

PERMABRIL® Brill Blue R Special Requires Reduced Salt

% Reactive Dye	g/l Sodium Chloride or Sodium Sulfate
up to 0.50	20
0.51-2.00	30
2.01-4.00	40
Above 4.00	50